French Exercise - Si Clause Threads, First Conditional

Analysis Of Concrete Carnival, By Danner Darcleight And...

In America, everyone seems to have a different idea about what goes on behind the grey, dismal walls of prison. For many of us, the idea itself conjures images of coiled barbed wire fences, chains dragging across the ground, somber faces behind rusting bars and those bright orange jumpsuits. These visions come from a variety of sources-- movies we’ve seen, the stories that we’ve been told and our own imagination that is constantly at work. However, the reality of prison life in America can only come from those who have stepped foot inside. Through memoirs written by Danner Darcleight and Ted Conover, I’ve had to reconsider some of these previously held visions of prison life. While Conover writes about the abusive relationship between the correctional officers and the prisons, through Darcleight’s writing we see the rewarding powers of having social life and the hopeful possibility for anyone to attain redemption. The first chapter of Concrete Carnival, by Danner Darcleight, as well as Guarding Sing Sing by Ted Conover has led me to re-evaluate these previously held visions of prison life, including the relationship between guards and inmates, social systems, and redemption. At some point in my lifetime, I had learned that in prison, the correctional officers are naturally very tough, to the point of abuse on the inmates. I assume this was learned from watching â€Å"The Green Mile† years ago, where violence between guards and inmates make up a portion of the plot. Conover’s

Grant Surname Meaning and Origin

The origins of the Grant surname are uncertain, but the following theories are the most widely accepted: A nickname from the Anglo-Norman French graund or  graunt, meaning tall, large bestowed due to the individuals size, or to distinguish two bearers of the same personal name, often different generations within the same family.Clan Grant says that tradition suggests that the name comes from Sliabh Grianais - the moor above Aviemore, believed to be the first land in Scotland occupied by the Grant progenitors. Grant may also be a spelling variant of the German surname Grandt or Grant Surname Origin: Scottish, English, FrenchAlternate Surname Spellings: GRAUNT, GRAWNT, GRANTE Where the Grant Surname is Found According to Forebears, the Grant surname is most prevalent in the United States (used by over 156,000 people), but most common in Jamaica (where the surname ranks as 10th most common) and Scotland (ranked 29th). Grant is also common in Guyana (46th), New Zealand (49th), Canada (88th), Australia (92nd) and England (105th). Historical surname distribution data from Scotland identifies the areas where Grant was most common in 1881 as Moray, where it was the most used name, as well as Banffshire (2nd most common), Nairn (6th), Inverness-shire (9th) and West Lothian (10th). WorldNames PublicProfiler identifies the Grant surname as being especially popular in Donegal, Ireland, as well as Australia, New Zealand and most of northern Scotland. Famous People Ulysses S. Grant:  U.S. general and commander of the Union armies; 18th U.S. presidentCary Grant: British-American film actorHugh Grant: British actorAmy Grant: American singer-songwriterAnne Grant: Scottish poetJedediah Morgan Grant: leader in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsNatalie Grant: American singer-songwriter Genealogy Resources Clan Grant: Explore a wealth of resources made available by Clan Grant, including history, genealogy, gatherings, membership and more.Grant DNA Project: Join over 400 individuals with the Grant surname who are interested in combining Y-DNA testing with genealogical research to help identify various Grant genetic lines and ancestries.Grant Family Crest: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Grant family crest or coat of arms for the Grant surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.FamilySearch: Explore over 2.9 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Grant surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.Grant Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts free mailing lists for researchers of the Grant surname.DistantCousin.com: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Grant.The Grant Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the popular last name Grant from the website of Genealogy Today. References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Domestic Violence Effects On Children - 2041 Words

Jocelyn Gotham Ms.St.Thomas English 4 18 January 2016 Domestic Violence: Effects on Children Domestic violence is seen as physical abuse between two partners; whether that be boyfriend, husband, girlfriend, wife, or even a recent ex. When women used to be seen as their husbands property and the children their parents many things happened behind closed doors that were not talked about. Which could be why many women see it as acceptable and do nothing about it. Resulting in the kids that are stuck in between this stressful household with no help. No one really sees how being shown to this violence can affect a child later in life. Early exposure to domestic violence can have long term effects on a child s mental and physical state. When a child experiences there mother or father being abused it can lead to a loss of or sense of control in their life with the lack of it they might turn to stealing, lying, and drug abuse (Havelin 15). Growing up in in such home can lead to constant fear of what will happen next; making them to become angry and depressed (Havelin 13). So when looking at the children who are in the prison system for murder 63% was for the killing of an abusive parent (Halvorsen). When a child sees a abuse in their home it leads them to think it is normal and acceptable, which gives the idea that later in life they may becoming an abuser or abused themselves do the idea that it is normal (Abdelkader). The Department of Justice say that women are victims of abuseShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Domestic Violence on Children1529 Words   |  7 PagesProject: The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Trudy Root Kaplan University CM107-11 Children are negatively impacted by the surrounding of domestic violence in multiple ways, in which need to be identified. The audience that needs to be aware of domestic abuse’s effects on children is adults that care for children; such as pediatricians, teachers, counselors, and parents. The issue that needs to be addressed is the negative effects on children involved in a domestic violence situationRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children1387 Words   |  6 Pages Literature Review: The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children By Taralyn Dean SW 8570 March 11, 2015 Introduction Today this paper will be exploring the affects of intimate partner domestic violence and how this impacts the children. The children of theses situations are the bystanders of these physical and emotional events. This paper will review in depth what other professionals are saying about the children of the domestic violence relationships and also the findings andRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesIn a similar study by Ybarra, Wilkens, Lieberman (2007) the goal was to determine if domestic violence leads to functioning shortfalls, and what its effects it has on a child’s behavioral and cognitive functioning. In homes where domestic violence happens, young children are more likely to witness violence than older children. It was hypothesized that children who witnessed violence at home had lower verbal capabilities, and would display greater internalizing and externalizing behaviors. ParticipantsRead MoreEffect of Domestic Violence on Children692 Words   |  3 PagesASSIGNMENT 1 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ID: S99003183; URIAM ROBATI ABSTRACT Domestic Violence has a great effect on children. Domestic violence also known as domestic abuse, spousal abuse or child abuse is recognized as a pattern of abusive behavior by one or both partners especially those in marriage. This coercive behavior is used against another person to obtain power and control over the other party in a relationship. Domestic violence takes many forms such as physical violence which includesRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Children1445 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is domestic Violence? Domestic Violence is described as violent or aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving the violent abuse of a spouse or partner. Many children end up being the victims to seeing domestic violence in the home which is very unhealthy to their development. Some children may development resentment toward both parents- one for not leaving and the other for causing the abuse. Depression, aggressive behavior, emotional distress and suicide depending on the severityRead MoreEffects of Domestic Violence on Children908 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Domestic Violence on Children by Mary Pelham English 1010-19 5 October 2011 Pelham i Outline I. Effects on younger children A. Feelings of deprivation Read MoreEffects of Domestic Violence on Children1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe biggest victims of domestic violence are the littlest. The home is a suppose to be a safe and secure environment for children with loving parents and free from violence. Children need a secure environment where they can come home to when the outside world is unsafe. However, every year there are millions of children who’s homes are not a safe haven. Millions of children are exposed to a parent being violently assaulted. Domestic violence is a prevalent social issue in America today. First, whoRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children And Children1541 Words   |  7 Pageslife. Domestic abused affect women and children. Lots of women are more at risk in their own home. Spouse abuses happen when one person in the marriage chooses to control the other party by using fair intimidation physical, emotional abuse. Domestic violence displaced many families because they are trying to get away from their abuser. Abuse can range from physical, mentally, emotional or psychological. One of every 5 woman are said to have experience an abuse from their partner. The effect of DomesticRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children963 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Many children witness domestic violence each day. Most times, children witness their mothers being abuse by their fathers, step-fathers, or mother’s boyfriends. According to Couchenour and Chrisman (2011), â€Å"Women and children are at greater risk of being victims of abuse than are men† (p. 131). Witnessing violence or being abused at home has serious effects on children. This article explains the short-term and long-term effects that domestic violence hasRead MoreEffects Of Domestic Violence On Children990 Words   |  4 Pagesexposed to domestic violence at an early age, that child adapts to these adverse circumstance and situations (Holmes, 2013). Therefore, children who are regularly exposed to domestic violence may initially display less aggressive behaviors than children who are never exposed. However, this is due to their fear of being a victim of a physical assault (Holmes, 2013). This finding was interesting because it shows how deeply the children are affe cted by exposure to domestic violence. The children become

Requirements for Agriculture - 1172 Words

Environmental Questions Minerals Society uses metals that come from mineral deposits to make buildings, pipes, wires, vehicles, and other products (Mathes, 2004). Other minerals are also used to produce products, such as using clay for bricks, sulfur to make fertilizer and refine petroleum, and oil, coal, and natural gas are used for energy. Metallic minerals are hard, contain their own shine or luster, are ductile and malleable (capable of being hammered thin and extended without breakage), and do not break when hit where non-metallic minerals are just the opposite (Daga). An example of metallic minerals is tin, which can be used to make cans to preserve food as well as other products. An example of non-metallic minerals is marble, used to make counter tops and decorative pieces. Mining Depending on how deep into the earth the minerals are that are to be extracted, explosives are used to blast rock into smaller pieces and heavy machinery brings it out of the earth from the tunnels that are formed by the explosives. The minerals are then processed by a separation method to be refined into products. The processing includes heating the metals after separation to temperatures that reach 1600 degrees to be formed. For metals that are on the surface of the earth, a process of booming is used where water is collected into large reservoirs and discharged in large amounts to remove large amounts of gravel in a thick mud state to show where the minerals are. For mineralsShow MoreRelatedU.s. Salmon Aquaculture : Ethical Issues1390 Words   |  6 PagesSalmon Animal agriculture has been utilized for thousands of years to provide human beings with dependable sources of food and other products. Animal agriculture is in high demand to keep up with the ever growing population, and changes are constantly required and being made to increase production. Sustainability is a desired trait for many of animal agriculture operations; however, many sustainable practices fail to properly ensure the product is also ethical. Sustainable agriculture practices mustRead MoreDove Soap649 Words   |  3 PagesANALYSIS OF COMMODITY MARKET (GOLD amp; SILVER) Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for Post Graduate Diploma in Management (PGDM) By SNEHA GUPTA ERA BUISSNESS SCHOOL Dwarka sector-9 July 2013 Acknowledgement I owe many thanks to all those people who helped and supported me during the process amp; completion of this project. I would thank my Institution for giving me an opportunity to undertake this project. My deepest thank to Mr. Vinay Pratap Singh (SrRead MoreDescription Of Aquatic Ecosystems : An Aquatic Ecosystem910 Words   |  4 PagesEcosystem/Environmental Flow Requirements There are two main demands for aquatic ecosystems, upstream and downstream. From our lectures we can determine that if water demands are upstream of agriculture, then water is available for farming. If the demands are at culmination of river basins, then there will be less available water for farming. The demand for fresh water for sectoral use in the three areas of agriculture, industry and domestic use, are extremely competitive. In developing countries, agriculture calls forRead MoreAgriculture Business and Management Essay example942 Words   |  4 PagesI want to major in is Agriculture Business and management. The reason why I want to major in Agriculture Business is because agriculture is an important aspect of every society for its social, economic, and environmental growth. I first heard of this career from my agriculture advisors, at Westminster High School’s farm, when I was being shown a list of jobs and careers that involved agriculture. I was interested in this career because I have a general interest in agriculture and farming, which isRead MoreOhio s Strongest Economic Industry1276 Words   |  6 Pages Ohio’s strongest economic industry is Agribusiness. Through agriculture, Ohio farmers have rooted a connection throughout the globe in feeding and supplying resources needed in life each day. Since the 1800’s native Ohioans have relied on agriculture not only for a source of nourishment but as a means of making a living. Ohio s original settlers, the Native Americans, supported themselves through farming. â€Å"The Indians grew corn, beans, squash, pumpkins, multi-colored Indian corn, numerousRead MoreClassification and Assessment of Aridity over Pakistan During 1960-20091554 Words   |  7 Pageswhile a meager amount of rainfall in winter. This monsoonal rainfall brings relief to moisture stress to some extent but due to low elevation, higher evapotranspiration and day time temperature, dry climate exists through ou t the year. Therefore, agriculture activity does not depend on rainfall and proper irrigation is required in the form of canals, river and tube wells. Although, monsoon rainfall bring relief to overcome the moisture stress to some extent. However after that it makes difficult forRead MoreThe Environmental Quality Act Of California State Laws And Public Policy Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pagestype of law or public policy. Ans 1. The Drought Executive Order 2016 could have negative impact on the people and the economy. Exemption of agriculturists from order may create a situation of stress between the urban residents and the people in agriculture. The Order can also decline the credibility and the effectiveness of California State Laws. To minimize the negative impact of executive order 2016 various amendments can be introduced using different laws and public policy. For instance, CaliforniaRead MoreWater Shortages and Desalinisation1488 Words   |  6 Pagesand stifled from the depletion of fossil water from over pumped aquifers. Aquifers are not the only water resource under strain. Rivers are being over pumped for irrigation in agriculture. Agriculture demand for fresh water is estimated to take up 70% of all fresh water consumption. The best example for agriculture putting strain on a river is the Nile Valley. The Nile River is the bread basket for approximately two hundred million people. Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia already us the majorityRead MoreChild Labor in Agriculture Essay943 Words   |  4 Pagescomplications that could last a life time. However, the majority of this population that makes up the child laborers is from Latino. This paper seeks to demystify the issue of Child Labor in agriculture in the United States using information from a Human Rights Watch. The kind of rules that govern minors who work in agriculture have been found to be less strict when compared with those existing in other sectors of the economy. They unfortunately permit children to work at very young ages and for longer durationsRead MoreHow Climate Change Affects Fruit Production Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesduring the winter to protect themselves from frost damage. In order to know when to come out of dormancy, they internally keep track of the amount of cold that has occurred over winter.† He goes on to explain that once exposed to the chilling requirement, the amount of cold weather plants need to break dormancy, they will flower then bear fruit. The trees do not properly break dormancy when there is inadequate cold weather, and often can cause them to produce less and even completely fail in some

Marketing Strategies free essay sample

The five types of customer needs are: Stated needs, Real needs, Unstated needs, Delight needs and Secret needs. Define each and give an example for each. Stated needs are wants that are expressed by the customer while shopping for a product or service. An example of a stated need is when a customer wants to buy a two-bedroom condo. Real needs are the underlying needs of those that are stated. In the case of the customer that wants to buy a two-bedroom condo, they want a condo that is convenient with regards to proximity to work, friends, family and sources of activity. Unstated needs are expectations that a customer associates with the product or service they are shopping for in which the customer feels they don’t need to disclose as it should be a given to the salesperson. In looking to buy a two-bedroom condo the customer would expect that the real-estate agent would show them condos that have two bedrooms, a living space, a kitchen and a bathroom. Delight needs are preferences that the customer might have when shopping for a product or service. The customer that wants to buy a two-bedroom condo might want the kitchen to be modern with updated appliances, an on suite in the master bedroom, washer and dryer hookups available and parking. Secret Needs are the immaterial reasons in which a customer is purchasing a product or service. The customer that wants to buy a two-bedroom condo wants their friends and family to view them as successful and independent. 2. Illustrate the differences between a reactive market orientation and a proactive marketing orientation. Give an example of each. Simply put, companies with a reactive market orientation are not the innovators of the industry. These companies assume that their job is to just adapt to stated customer needs. These can be determined through customer satisfaction surveys. A good example of a company that operates under a reactive market orientation would be Old Navy. Almost every time I shop at an Old Navy, I receive a phone number on the bottom of my receipt to call and answer a satisfaction survey in exchange for a 10% discount on my ext purchase. The information gathered from these surveys is used to determine a strategic course of action. On the opposite side of a reactive market orientation is a proactive market orientation. Companies with a proactive marketing orientation, I would consider to be the innovators of the industry. These companies uncover solutions that customers did not ask for, but respond positively to. This is done through the company’s successful market researc h. A great example of a company that has a proactive market orientation is Apple. They are typically the leading company to invent and release new technology. In my eyes, this started with the release of the iPod in 2001. 3. You have been given the assignment of justifying â€Å"cause related† marketing to your board of directors. What would be your primary argument in favor of such a proposal? If given the assignment to justify ‘cause related’ marketing to my board of directors, my primary argument in favor of the proposal would be the significant increase in brand awareness and credibility that such a strategy would bring to the company. Consumers often develop a strong like or dislike for a company based on the moral principles in which a company stands for and supports. By implementing ‘cause related’ marketing within a company you are not only stepping up and showing your existing customers what you stand for as a company, but you are also opening the doors to attract new customers that support the cause that the company is supporting as well, ultimately expanding your customer base as a whole. 4. What is marketing research and list 3 ways a small company could conduct marketing research without incurring the financial burden of a sizable research budget? Marketing research is defined in our textbook as the systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation facing a company. There are several ways in which a company is able to conduct marketing research. Some of these ways are more expensive than others, but if I were in charge of marketing research for a small company that didn’t have the necessary budget for an extensive research project, I would approach it in the following three ways: 1. Utilizing the internet – The internet has the answer to anything at just a Google search away. A company can use the internet to see how their competitors’ website is set up compared to their own and what consumers are discussing about yours and your competitors company via chat rooms, blogs and forums. The internet is a wealth of information and it is available at a minimal cost. 2. Engaging top MBA students to design and carry out projects – This is not only a great way to get some additional sets of eyes on a specific marketing situation facing a company, but it is also available at the cost of just experience and visibility for the MBA students involved. 3. Focus Groups – I would lastly consider running a series of focus groups. This is a great way to test different ideas to resolve a specific marketing situation facing a company. Based on the results of the focus groups, you are able to determine a direction for the marketing plan at yet another minimal cost. 5. What is Customer-perceived value (CPV) and give an example of when the value of a product or service did not match the cost you paid for it. Customer–perceived value or CPV is defined in our textbook as the difference between the prospective customer’s evaluation of all the benefits and all the costs of an offering and the perceived alternatives. I have recently experienced this myself when I was out to dinner with my family celebrating my Mother’s birthday at Maggiano’s Little Italy in Boston, MA. I had never been there prior to this visit, but had heard nothing but rave reviews. I was told that it was expensive, but definitely worth what you pay for. Because it was a large party, it meant that we would be dining family style – which is when, as a group, you get to choose 2 appetizers, 2 salads, 4 entrees and 2 desserts at a cost of $28. 95 per person but it’s all you can eat. When I was looking at the menu, I noticed that they use Barilla pasta for all of their dishes. This threw me off a bit, solely because I would have expected that an authentic Italian restaurant would have made their pasta from scratch. The fact that I could potentially make the same meal, which I was paying for at a restaurant, in my own kitchen was very displeasing. It was at that point when my CPV of Maggiano’s did not match that of what everyone had said about it. Ultimately the food was great, but I would have hoped that at that price point that the pasta would have been more authentic. 6. One-on-one marketing is not for every company, when does this style work best? Please give an example. One-to-one marketing works best for companies that would normally collect a great deal of individual customer information and carry a lot of products that can be cross-sold, need periodic replacement or upgrading, and offer high value. I feel like a good example of a company that works best with one-to-one marketing would be a wedding planner. A wedding planner must earn the business of their clients by showcasing their talents in terms of how they envision their potential clients’ wedding. A successful wedding planner would differentiate each client in terms of their needs, they would interact with their clients to improve their knowledge about them and their needs and based on their findings, they would customize their proposal to be considered for the job. 7. Maslow sought to explain why people are driven by particular needs at particular times. Describe Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. How does Maslow’s theory help marketers? Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is his answer to why people are driven by particular needs at particular times. His believed that human needs are arranged from most to least pressing. The most important needs is psychological needs, or basic instincts. These include food, water and shelter. As you make your way up Maslow’s hierarchy the actual need becomes less and less pressing to a human’s need to survive. This hierarchy can be used by marketers to determine how to properly reach their target market. Based on the expected level off need, determined by a marketer’s demographic, they could tell what efforts would work to catch their target market’s attention vs. what wouldn’t work. An example of this could be when Kay Jewelers came out with their everlasting slogan, â€Å"Every Kiss Begins with Kay†. They recognized that their target market would be longing for love, for a sense of belonging and that is exactly what their commercials provided, at least the idea of it. 8. Explain the differences between a belief and an attitude. In order to explain the differences between a belief and an attitude, I am going to relate them to the difference between truth and taste. Beliefs seek for what is true and can therefore be characterized as a factual attitude. You believe what you think are the facts, what you take to be true. It is beliefs that are the driving force behind things such as religion or parenting. Tastes are attitudes that are typically more one-sided and therefore vary from person to person. For example, peoples attitudes about music vary widely as we have individual tastes when it comes to music. 9. Describe what customerization is and how marketers are or should be using it. Customerization is when a company combines operationally driven mass customization with customized marketing in a way that empowers consumers to design the product and service offering of their choice. There are several marketers that are taking advantage of this, by offering customerization as a part of their total service offerings. A company such as Tervis Tumblers (www. tervis. com) has a customerization aspect to their overall marketing strategy. They offer a variety of pre-designed tumblers, but also offer their shoppers the choice to ‘create-their-own’ so to speak by uploading their own pictures or logos to design their own tumbler. 10. The VALS segmentation has 8 parts, innovators, thinkers, achievers, experiencers, believers, strivers, makers and survivors. Define each and where do you think you most fit in? The definition of each VALS segment is as follows: * Innovators – Successful, sophisticated, active, ‘take-charge’ people with high self-esteem. Purchases often reflect cultivated tastes for relatively upscale, niche-oriented products and services. * Thinkers – Mature, satisfied, and reflective people motivated by ideals and who value order, knowledge, and responsibility. They seek durability, functionality, and value in products. * Achievers – Successful, goal-oriented people who focus on career and family. They favor premium products that demonstrate success to their peers. * Experiencers – Young, enthusiastic, impulsive people who seek variety and excitement. They spend a comparatively high proportion of income on fashion, entertainment, and socializing. Believers – Conservative, conventional, and traditional people with concrete beliefs. They prefer familiar, U. S. made products and are loyal to established brands. * Strivers – Trendy and fun-loving people who are resource-constrained. They favor stylish products that emulate the purchases of those with greater material wealth. * Makers – Practical, down-to-earth, self-sufficient people who like to work with their hands. They seek U. S. made products with a practical or functional purpose. * Survivors – Elderly, passive people concerned about change and loyal to their favorite brands. As much as each of these segments offers great characteristics and benefits, the segment that I think I most fit in, at this point in my life, is the Achievers. I would be lying if I said that my career had nothing to do with the way that I am today. My career is part of the reason that I consider myself successful and has definitely turned me into a more goal-oriented person. I chose to go back to school because I want to do good by my future; my future where I own my own business and am a successful and loving Mother with a family of my own. I am at a point in my life where the world is my oyster and I am an achiever.

self Essay Example For Students

self Essay Self-esteem, according to Introduction to Psychology by Dennis Coon, is defined as regarding oneself as a worthwhile person or a positive evaluation of oneself1. This study focuses on the examination of African American adolescent self-esteem based on the independent variables of parental marital status, income, and family structure. Is it possible that these variables could affect a confidence that is supposed to come from oneself? According to Mandara and Murray, these variables greatly affect the self-esteem in African American boys and girls in different but significant ways. It was important for me to choose an article that I could relate with and also that interested me. I found this article to have both these qualities and also be the most accurate with several tables and outside references to make it as comprehensive as it could be. I found the material easy to read and understand as well. It also stood out because it was narrowly focused on a specific topic with specific factors. I found other articles that were so broad, I could hardly imagine them having accurate results. Once I chose this topic, the articles available to me were few and far between, which I feel is too bad because it is an important topic and before we can begin helping those adolescents who are lacking self-esteem, we must first find out where the problem originates. Having grown up in a single parent, middle class income family and being the oldest of two children, I feel that I can now understand why I sometimes felt inadequate with myself. The unspoken pressure to make my mom proud and be a good big sister created this inadequacy. This study definitely helped me understand this pressure and proved that unlike my thought at the time, I was not the only teenager going through this enormous drop in self-esteem. Mandura and Murray predicted four outcomes based on the three perspectives formed by Amato Keith (1991) and Heiss (1996) 2; the family structure, the family income and the family functioning perspectives. First, that the self-esteem of boys not girls would be affected by their parents marital status. Second, that both genders would have higher quality of family functioning than single parent households. The third prediction concluded that the effects of marital status on self-esteem would be less if family income was statistically matched with other families. The last hypothesis predicted that family functioning had a greater effect on self-esteem than family structure. The sample consisted of 116 fifteen year old African American children from Sout hern California with 74 being girls and the remainder boys. Parents were only included in study to provide income and marital status information. Half of the parents were married, 38% were divorced and 12% were single mothers (no single fathers were used). The average household income was $27,500, 20% of the sample had an income less than 20,000 and 35% made over 35,000 a year. The tests that were used to measure the self-esteem and the family functioning measurement of the students were the Multi-Dimensional Self Esteem Inventory3 (MDSEI; OBrien Epstein, 1998) and the Family Environment Scale4 (FES; Moos Moos, 1990). The MDSEI is a 116 question test used to assess the individual aspects of self-esteem in each child. These aspects are feelings of competence, personal power, lovability, likeability, self-control, moral self-approval, and body functioning. The FES consists of 90 true or false type questions to determine the environment within the family and its functioning. This tes t has proven accurate many times with African American families even though the norms were determined from 285 predominately middle and upper class European American families. Each child was given $10 to partake in the tests and took them whenever was convenient. The results showed that boys with parents who are divorced are mainly at risk of developing a low self-esteem. It also showed that family functioning was directly related to self-esteem in both boys and girls. I believe that this experiment was set up and conducted very well. The experimenters used a sample that was proven to be representative of the population they sought to test, and used testing methods that were tried and true. Testing conditions were not kept controlled but this probably had a minimal effect on the childrens responses. There were no noticeable errors in the experimentation other than the small sample used and its limited application one locale. .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00 , .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00 .postImageUrl , .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00 , .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00:hover , .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00:visited , .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00:active { border:0!important; } .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00:active , .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00 .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc96a0459c4a5db17ca95d28c4f226c00:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: HUMAN RIGHTS Essay